The Storyteller system might work for Dresden. Mage comes to mind in particular. For those familiar with Mage, The Awakening, Harry has been seen to use mainly Forces, with a bit of Prime and Space thrown in. Mind and Time are both known to exist, as is Life to an extent. The system as is handles both evocation and ritual magic.
As for elderwyrm's comments on d20, I have to disagree. It's quite possible to build a magic system that imposes fatigue penalties as more magic is used. The catch is you don't start with D&D magic. You have to build it yourself.
Second Edition D&D, in the Tome of Magic, had a channeling sytem where every spell cast took fatigue. Cast enough spells, and the mage passed out. That could probably be ported over. I know it's possible to tweak a spellpoint system for this sort of behavior, as a friend of mine has done it.
Oh, and thaumaturgy is possible in d20. You just need to be creative about how you do it. Borrow from other systems if need be. The "successes" model of the ST system comes to mind here.