No, go to the dictionary, almost all the words and their meanings have origins in older words and older meanings, which come from older words yet.. The words didn't die, they evolved..
OUR language -- our languages -- are the survivors, that evolved. Some do this, as OldEnglish-->MiddleEnglish-->ModernEnglish, or similar for German, or French (all of which ALSO borrowed words amongst one another, especially English taking in words from all over).
This is called "language change," and it's a known thing; as is a language fragmenting into several "daughter" languages, with the original "mother tongue" not surviving (such as the Romance Languages and their ancestor, Latin).
I'm happy to consider all of these as languages "evolving."
But speaking of those lovely islands where English was born... who speaks Pictish, again? What did Pictish "evolve" into? It may have -- MAYBE -- been a (minor) contributor to the Scots' version of Gaelic. The point is debated; but as a language, Pictish didn't
evolve, it
died.
Languages DO die. Maybe a few loan-words survive in other cultures, or maybe related languages survive... or maybe not.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_deathEyak is a dead language, from the Athabascan family of languages; there is no descended or "evolved" form. Other Athabascan languages still survive, but many are dying out, with only a few speakers left.
Basque is a famous language-isolate. Presumably there once were many related languages, but they all died out -- I don't think it's supportable to suggest that they all "evolved into" Basque; rather, Basque is the last survivor of a once-broad group. And if I had to guess, I'd guess that Basque itself is in the process of dying out: less than 1/3 of the Basque people speak it, so its use within the culture is shrinking. Of course, that's still almost a million people worldwide, so it's not in any
imminent danger of dying out!!!
Ainu (from Japan) is another language-isolate, with no known related languages. It had several variations/dialects/sublanguages (including Sakhalin Ainu, on the mainland in coastal Russia), but only one dialect survives; and it IS in danger of dying out, with only 15 speakers in the world. There are no surviving related or "descendant" languages, though presumably there once were more.
Etruscan is another great example, and very Dresden-y! It's believed to be a NON Indo-European language, although it had
some input into Latin: Latium (the home of Latin) was adjacent to the Etruscans. Up in the Alps is another dead language, Rhaetian, than many suspect is related to Etruscan.
But Latin is very much an Indo-European language, and non-IE Etruscan really did "die out," rather than "evolve" into Latin.