And remember -- even once published, the people who read your stories are not going to be talented writers, but readers. If a writer -- one you consider talented or not -- finds passages, ideas, etc. unclear, vauge, contradictory then rest assured that readers will as well.
I don't know the Critique Circle, but I was a member (13 months) of OWW, where I workshopped almost the entire first part of my fantasy trilogy, which lead me to a complete rewrite, starting with making the beginning chapter more exciting. You learn as much from what the readers don't get as from their suggestions / analysis. For example, my first reviewers confused all my names and peoples and by page 100 or so still didn't get what the story was about. So I knew I had to introduce fewer people and events in dialogue, but add scenes where the reader can
see for example the war-ravaged country with his/her own eyes, and also introduce the main plot element earlier.
So yeah, I do believe that a critiquing group can help. But only so much. Reviewers can sometimes not express clearly why they don't like your scene/chapter, or they recite rules they once heard (like: show, don't tell, or: passive and adjectives are baaad), whether they apply to your writing or not (not all telling/adjectives/passives are bad).
Imho, a lot of writing mistakes can more effectively be avoided if you read a couple of how-to's on creative writing first (you probably did, but the majority of people at a workshop didn't, and tend to get a little upset if you tell them something like: your one weak point seems to be description. You may find "Description" by Monica Wood helpful.)
Anyway, the most helpful how-to's on Creative Writing, imho, are:
Self-Editing for Fiction Writers, by Renni Browne and Dave King.
Scene & Structure, by Jack Bickham
Description, by Monica Wood
The First Five Pages, by Noah Lukeman.
Also OK are:
Characters & Viewpoint, by Orson Scott Card
Plot, by Ansen Dibell.
Heroes & Heroines, by Cowden, LaFever, Viders
I read tons of other how-to's; most were absolutely worthless.