I'd love to know exactly what Butters was looking at after Harry made that ice block to Dave them on the waterfront. That's probably the deepest he's ever drawn it in and used. I imagine in my head some wicked version of old man winter lol
I don't think it's precisely a battery tho. Even if that's the basic usage Harry can see for using it. From how it's described, I think it's an active channel TO Mabs power source. His limit's are potentially only her limits as far as raw power. He'd just have to give himself over enough to winter and have the precise ingenuity of how he planned on using it. It may, probably, kill him to push past a certain limit. Though that'd depend on how he manifest that energy. Through spell work? Yea, he can only personally gas so much before he's drained. Mortal an all. If he was just using himself as a raw conduit for it, more similar to when he took on Maeve in CD. Then he might be able to handle it. Though what'd he manifest as is up for debate. Something like the snow monster from frozen lol.
Harry is making a mistake accepting too much of what Butters theorizes. Butters is the one who gave Harry a reverse magic feather by explaining that the Mantle just hijacks his pain thresholds. Butters had seen a lot by then, but not nearly enough to be a magical, but not magic consultant.
In the Lake, Butters is doing some quick math. Phase changes -- ice to liquid/liquid to steam -- represent absolutely stupid amounts of energy. He has just realized how much ice Harry made in just a few seconds to float half of a sunken warehouse to the surface and it probably compares quite favorably to a small power plant:
According to Wolfram Alpha it is about 3.19 x 10^6 KJ (to freeze 30 tons of water), and if it took 30 seconds that works out to be .1 Mega Watts.
So, yeah that's a crazy feat of power all things considered