Oh, I get it. It just never set right with me. There are seven laws of magic which is supposedly what the council protects.
Oh, but there are other laws that can result in your head being chopped off as well. It'd be nice to know that.
I would imagine the Council members mostly
do know what they are. We don't, but I pretty sure they do. Harry just hasn't discussed it much, and he's our source.
Just speculating, but fairly confidently, I would say that among other things, actions that are likely to get the Council involved (though not
necessarily get you executed):
1. Council-on-Council violence (outside of maybe formal duels or the like).
2. Revealing stuff the Council considers 'sensitive'. Obviously this doesn't automatically just mean knowledge of magic and the Council, because lots of people know. But I'm sure there is stuff Wizards are expected to keep quiet about, even to low-level practitioners and the like.
OTOH, IIRC, Harry warned Susan explicitly that the White Council would take steps to stop her from revealing very much on a large scale. Even if she had somehow magically (no pun intended) gotten out of that party at Bianca's alive, intact, and with her story, it wasn't just the Red Court that would make sure it was never published, it was also the Council.
3. Organized violence against low-level practitioners. Both Harry and Ramirez recognized that one reason the murderer in
White Night disguised himself as a Warden was to prevent scared practitioners from turning to the Council for help, which implies that the Council might have intervened.
4. Messing with the Council's financial empire. (This would be less likely to get you beheaded, I would think, than get you broke, unless it was a Council member doing it.)
5. A Wizard getting too involved in mundane politics on his own, without Council approval.
I'm sure there are others, but I'd be very confident that this sort of stuff could do it.
6. Stealing Council property, especially 'sensitive' or expensive/rare stuff.