Let me preface this by saying that I'm just a fan of the books and of the FATE system, not anyone official.
1. FATE (the engine that will run the DF RPG) is quite different from D&D. Many facets of the game follow very different assumptions. D&D, for example, keeps track of distances in order to create a tactical movement element. FATE uses abstract "zones" which allow you to hand wave a lot of things such as how close another character is to yours. You will have to learn the system to use the game as written.
2. The games will run using the FATE system, as mentioned above. You can take a look at it in one incarnation at the Spirit of the Century (hereafter SotC) System Reference Document, found here:
http://zork.net/~nick/loyhargil/fate3/fate3.htmlJudging from the pattern set by SotC, you'll be able to run everything right out of the core.
3. The game does not use those things.
4. It will likely help you to better understand typical situations and the type of themes to expect.
5. I don't know for certain, but I would guess yes. I have no clue whether the book is going to contain a sample adventure. SotC (the most recent FATE game put out by the Evil Hat folks) includes a sample adventure. From there, you were expected to come up with stuff to do in your game.
Related to this issue, I've found Aspects (a portion of the FATE system) really drive games forward without a lot of effort from the GM.
I hope this is helpful. If you require clarification, feel free to ask.